References

Generalized symptoms

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Vision

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Head and Neck

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Pulmonary

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Cardiovascular

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Panju A, et al. Is this patient having a myocardial infarction? JAMA 1998;280(14):1256-1263.
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Nigwekar S, et al. Calciphylaxis: Risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Kidney Disease 2015; 66 (1): 133-46.
Nigwekar S, et al. Calciphylaxis: Risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Kidney Disease 2015; 66 (1): 133-46.
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Singer A, et al. Evaluation and Management of Lower-Extremity Ulcers. NEJM 2017; 377:1559-1567
Mangrum J, et al. The Evaluation and Management of Bradycardia. NEJM 2000; 342:703-709.
Sandeep M, et al. Beating, fast and slow (Giant Cell Myocarditis). NEJM 2017; 377: 72-78.
Wazni O, et al. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. NEJM 2011; 365:2296-2304.
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Isselbacher E, et al. A 54 year old man with new heart failure (AI from Thoracic aneurysm). NEJM 2018; 379: 2362-2372.
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Runser L, et al. Syncope: Evaluation and differential diagnosis. Am Fam Phys 2017; 95 (5): 303-12.

Gastrointestinal

Arkin A, et al. Disseminated herpes simplex virus (HSV) hepatitis diagnosed by dermatology evaluation. Int J Dermatol. 2009 Sep; 48(9): 1020–1021.
Babyatsky M, et al. A 30-Year-Old Man with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Recent Onset of Fever and Bloody Diarrhea (CMV colitis). NEJM 2007; 357:2068-2076.
Baudendistel T, et al. Chapter 37. Jaundice. In: The patient history, 2nd ed. Henderson M, et al, eds. McGraw Hill; New York: 2012.
Bundy D, et al. Does This Child Have Appendicitis? JAMA. 2007; 298(4): 438-451.
Clair D, et al. Mesenteric ischemia. NEJM 2016; 374: 959-68.
Clair D, et al. Mesenteric ischemia. NEJM 2016; 374: 959-68.
Damaraju D, et al. A surprising cause of chronic cough (Whipple's disease). NEJM 2015; 373: 561-6.
Danese S, et al. Ulcerative colitis. NEJM 2011; 365:1713-1725.
de Groen P, et al. Biliary tract cancers. NEJM 1999; 341:1368-1378.
Dupont L. Bacterial Diarrhea. NEJM 2009; 361: 1560-156.
Fasano A, et al. Celiac disease. NEJM 2012;367: 2419-26.
Finkelberg D, et al. Autoimmune pancreatitis. NEJM 2006; 355:2670-267.
Ford A, et al. Will the History and Physical Examination Help Establish That Irritable Bowel Syndrome Is Causing This Patient’s Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Symptoms? JAMA. 2008;300(15):1793-1805.
Forsmark C, et al. Acute pancreatitis. NEJM 2016; 375:1972-1981.
Friedman L, et al. A 19 year old woman with nausea, jaundice and pruritus (jaundice/autoimmune hepatitis). NEJM 2010; 363:2548-255.
Friedman S, et al. Chapter 295. Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In: Longo DL, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Galli J. Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome Curr Drug Abuse Rev. Dec 2011; 4(4): 241–249.
Ghimire P, et al. Primary gastrointestinal lymphoma. World J Gastroenterol. Feb 14 2011; 17(6): 697–707.
Goldberg C, et al. Practical Guide to Clinical Medicine: Abdominal Exam.
Goodman R, et al. An Unusual Case of Abdominal Pain (polyarteritis nodosa). NEJM 2014; 370: 70-75.
Gupta K, et al. Acute Pancreatitis. Ann Intern Med. 2010; 153(9):ITC5-1.
Heffernan C, et al. Stercoral Colitis Leading to Fatal Peritonitis: CT Findings Am J Roent 2005; 184: 1189-1193.
Hidlago M. Medical progress: Pancreatic cancer. NEJM 2010; 362: 1605-17.
Hurtado R, et al. A 35 year old woman with recurrent right upper quadrant pain. NEJM 2006; 354:1295-303.
Jacobs D. Diverticulitis. NEJM2007; 357:2057-2066.
Jacobs D. Hemorrhoids. NEJM 2014; 371: 944-51.
Joensuu H, et al. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour. Lancet 2013; 382: 973-83.
Juckett G, et al. Evaluation of chronic diarrhea. Am Fam Phys 2011; 84(10): 1119-1126.
Kahrilas P. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. NEJM 2008; 359:1700-1707.
Kapoor R, et al. Needle in a haystack (VIP-oma). NEJM 2009; 360:616-62.
Kerlin M, et al. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159(3): ITC2-1.
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Spechler S. Barrett’s esophagus. NEJM 2014;371: 836-45.
Strasberg S, et al. Acute calculous cholecystitis. NEJM 2008; 358:2804-281.
Stone J, et al. IgG-4 related disease. NEJM 2012; 366:539-551
Talley N, et al. How to do and interpret a rectal exam in GI. Am J Gastro 2008;103: 820–822.
Thrumurthy S, et al. The diagnosis and management of gastric cancer. BMJ 2013; 347: f6367.
Trowbridge R, et al. Does this patient have acute cholecystitis? JAMA. 2003; 289(1):80-86.
Volkow N, et al. Adverse Health Effects of Marijuana Use. NEJM 2014; 370:2219-2227.
Wald W. Fecal incontinence in adults. NEJM 2007; 356 (16): 1648-55.
Whitcomb D. Acute Pancreatitis. NEJM 2006; 354: 2142-50.
Benal W, et al. Acute Liver Failure. NEJM 2013; 369:2525-2534
Olson K, et al. Case: An 18-Year-Old Woman with Acute Liver Failure NEJM 2017; 376:268-278
Fitzgibbons R, et al. Groin hernias in adults. NEJM 2015; 372:756-763
Diehl A, et al. Cause, pathogenesis, and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. NEJM 2017; 377: 2063-72.
Brock A, et al. A Not-So-Obscure Cause of Gastrointestinal Bleeding (vascular ectasia). NEJM 2015; 372:556-56.
Krawitt E. Autoimmune hepatitis. NEJM 2006; 354:54-66.
Carey E, et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Lancet 2015; 386: 1565-75.
Boeckxstaens G, et al. Pneumatic dilation versus laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy for idiopathic achalasia. NEJM 2011; 364: 1807-16.
Lazaridis K, et al. Primary sclerosing cholangitis. NEJM 2016; 375: 1161-70.
Patwardhan V, et al. Review article: the management of portal hypertensivegastropathy and gastric astral vascular ectasia in cirrhosis. Alimentary pharmacology and therapeutics 2014; 40: 354-62.
Lubbert C, et al. Viszeralmedizin: GI medicine and surgery 2014; 30: 334-41.
Serraino C, et al. Characteristics and management of pyogenic liver abscess. Medicine 2018; 97: 19 (e0628).
Wang J, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Annals Int Med 2018; ITC 65-80.
Kwo P, et al. ACG Guidelines: Evaluation of abnormal liver function chemistries. Am J Gastro 2016; 1-16.
Guss D, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Hepatitis C Infection in Primary Care Settings. JGIM 2018; 33 (4): 551–557.
Lucey M, et al. Alcoholic hepatitis. NEJM 2009; 360 (26): 2578-69.
Hujoel I, et al. Celiac Disease: Clinical Features and Diagnosis. Gastroenterology clinics of North America. 2019;48(1): 19-37.
Russo M, et al. Liver transplantation for acute liver failure from drug induced liver injury in the United States. Liver Transplantation 2004; 10 (8): 1018-23.
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Genitourinary Renal

Asplin JR, et al. Chapter 287. Nephrolithiasis. In: Longo DL, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Cohen R, et al. Microscopic hematuria. NEJM 2003;348:2330-8.
Ernani L, et al. Risks of Testosterone-Replacement Therapy and Recommendations for Monitoring. NEJM 2004; 350:482-492.
Fitzgibbons R, et al. Groin hernias in adults. NEJM 2015; 372:756-763.
Goldberg C, et al. Practical Guide to Clinical Medicine: The male genital and rectal exams.
Gupta K, et al. Urinary tract infection. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156(5):ITC3-1.
Hersh L, et al. Clinical management of urinary incontinence in women. Am Fam Phys. 2013;87(9):634-640.
Hooton T. Uncomplicated urinary tract infection. NEJM 2012;366:1028-37.
Khandelwal C, et al. Urinary incontinence. Am Fam Physician. 2013;87(8):543-550.
Lewis JB, et al. Chapter 283. Glomerular Diseases. In: Longo DL, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Madaio M, et al. The diagnosis of glomerular disease: acute glomerulonephritis and the nephrotic syndrome. Ann Int Med 2001; 161: 25-34.
McVary K. Erectile dysfunction. NEJM 2007; 357: 2472-81.
Moroni G, et al. Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis: Early treatment is a must. Autoimmunity Reviews 13 (2014) 723–729.
Nygaard I. Idiopathic urgency urinary incontinence. NEJM 2010; 363:1156-1162.
Rogers R. Urinary stress incontinence in women. NEJM 2008; 358:1029-1036.
Sethi S, et al. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis – a new look at an old entity. NEJM 2012; 366: 1119-31.
Sharp VJ, et. Al. Testicular torsion: diagnosis, evaluation, and management. Am Fam Phys. 2013;88(12):835-40.
Sharp V, et al. Prostatitis: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Phys 2010; 82(4): 397-406.
Sharma A, et al. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. NEJM 2012; 367:248-25.
NKF Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF KDOQI
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO
Touma N, et al. Prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men. Med Clin N Am 2011; 75-86.
Trojian T, et al. Eipididymitis and orchitis: an overview. Am Fam Phys. 2009; 79(7):583-587.
Worcester E, et al. Calcium kidney stones. NEJM 2010;363:954-63.
Wyatt R, et al. IgA nephropathy. NEJM 2013; 368: 2402-14.
Rahman M, et al. Acute kidney injury: A guide to diagnosis and management. Am Fam Phys 2012; 86 (7): 631-9.
Kodner C, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute interstitial nephritis. Am Fam Physician 2003;67(12): 2527-2534.
KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney international supplements 2012; 2(1):19.
KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney international supplements 2013; 3(1): 19-62.
Asghar M, et al. Renal vein thrombosis. European J of Vascular and Endovascular surgery 2007; 34 (2): 217-23.
Lopez V, et al. A case of renal artery thrombosis with renal infarction. J of Emergencies, trauma, and shock 2010; 3(3): 302.
Waikar S, et al. Chapter 279: Acute kidney injury. 2293-2308. In: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th ed. Longo D, et al editors. McGraw Hill, New York; 2012.
Bargman J, et al. Chapter 280: Chronic kidney disease. 2308-2332. In: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th ed. Longo D, et al editors. McGraw Hill, New York; 2012.
Lewis J, et al. Chapter 283: Glomerular diseases. 2334-2354. In: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th ed. Longo D, et al editors. McGraw Hill, New York; 2012.
Beck L, et al. Chapter 285: Tubulointerstital diseases of the kidney. 2367-2382. In: Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th ed. Longo D, et al editors. McGraw Hill, New York; 2012.
Kraut J, et al. Toxic alcohols. NEJM 2018; 378(3): 270-80.
Harris P, et al. Polycystic kidney disease. Annu Rev Med 2009; 60: 321-37.
Morris C, et al. A woman with leg swelling and abdominal distention and pain (nephrotic syndrome). NEJM 2018; 378(22): 2124-32.
Sharp V, et al. Testicular Torsion: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management. Am Fam Phys 2013; 88 (12): 835-840.
Naughton C, et al. Drug induced nephrotoxicity. Am Fam Physician 2008;78(6): 743-750.
Kalra S, et al. The other diabetes: insipidous. Indian J Endocrin Metab 2016; 20(1): 9–21.
Level A, et a. Chronic kidney disease. Lancet 2012; 379: 165-80.
Gaitonde D, et al. Chronic kidney disease: detection and evaluation. Am Fam Phys 2017; 96 (12): 776-83.
Kraut J, et al. Differential Diagnosis of Nongap Metabolic Acidosis: Value of a Systematic Approach. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol; 2012; 7(4): 671–679.
Henretig F, et al. Hazardous chemical emergencies and poisonings. NEJM 2019; 380: 1638-55.
Cortazar F, et al. A 74-year-old man with chronic kidney disease (IgG 4 disease). NEJM 2020; 383 (18): 1768-78.
Wu J. Stress incontinence in women. NEJM 2021; 385 (25): 2428-36.

Hematology Oncology

American Cancer Society: Types of Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
Ansell S, et al. Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma: Diagnosis and treatment. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2005; 80 (8): 1087–1097.
Brown J, et al. Clinical mimics of lymphoma. The Oncologist 2004; 9 (4): 406-416.
Bross M, et al. Anemia in older persons. Am Fam Phys. 2010; 82(5): 480-487.
Bunn H, et al. Acquired Coagulation Disorders. In: Bunn H, Aster JC. eds. Pathophysiology of Blood Disorders. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
Campbell P, et al. The myeloproliferative disorders. NEJM 2006; 355: 2452-66.
Cuker A, et al. A bloody mystery (mucosal bleeding/acquired von willebrands dz). NEJM 2009; 361:1887-1894.
DeLoughery, T. Microcytic anemia. NEJM 2014; 371:1324-133.
Dimopoulos M, et al. Diagnosis and management of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. J clin onc 2005; 23(7): 1564-77.
El-Serag H. Hepatocellular carcinoma. NEJM 2011; 365:1118-1127.
Ferrer R. Lymphadenopathy: Differential diagnosis and evaluation. Am Fam Phys 1998 Oct 15; 58(6): 1313-1320.
Foon KA, et al. Chapter 97. General Considerations of Lymphoma: Epidemiology, Etiology, Heterogeneity, and Primary Extra nodal Disease. In: Lichtman MA, et al, eds. Williams Hematology, 8e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2010.
Gandhi R, et al. A 57 yo male with inguinal pain, lymphadenopathy and HIV infection. NEJM 2014; 371: 2511-20.
Gauer R, et al. Thrombocytopenia. Am Fam Phys 2012; 85(6): 612-22.
George J, et al. Syndromes of Thrombotic Microangiopathy. NEJM 2014; 371:654-666.
George J. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. NEJM 2006; 354:1927-193.
George J, et al. Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. NEJM 1994; 331: 1207-121.
Greinacher, A. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. NEJM 2015; 373: 252-61.
Zaroukian M, et al. Chapter 11: Lymphadnopathy. In: Henderson M, et al. The patient history. 2nd edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Jabbour E, et al. Chapter 1. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. In: Kantarjian HM, et al, eds. The MD Anderson Manual of Medical Oncology, 2e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
Konkle B. Chapter 115. Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall. In: Longo DL, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Lee A, et al. The Hidden Lesion (recurrent DVT). NEJM 2016; 374: 2160-2165.
Liebman H, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Immune Thrombocytopenia in the Era of Thrombopoietin Mimetics. ASH Education Book 2011; 2011 (1) 384-390.
Liesveld JL, et al. Chapter 89. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. In: Lichtman MA, et al, eds. Williams Hematology, 8e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2010.
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Longo DL. Chapter 110. Malignancies of Lymphoid Cells. In: Longo DL, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Luzzatto L. Chapter 106. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss. In: Longo DL, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Lymphoma research foundation: Non-hodgkins lympoma.
Mannucci P. Treatment of von Willebrand’s disease. NEJM 2004; 351: 683-94.
Marchioloi M, et al. Cardiovascular events and intensity of treatment in polycythemia vera. NEJM 2013;368:22-33.
Morinet F, et al. Concise review: Anemia caused by viruses. Stem Cells 2011; 29(11): 1656-60.
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Nguyen J, et al. More than meets the eye (hemolytic anemia/PNH). NEJM 2006; 355:1048-1052.
Palumbo A, et al. Multiple myeloma. NEJM 2011; 364:1046-1060.
Parikh SA, et al. Chapter 2. Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia. In: Kantarjian HM, et al, eds. The MD Anderson Manual of Medical Oncology, 2e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
Piel F, et al. Sickle cell disease. NEJM 2017; 376:1561-157.
Prchal JT, et al. Chapter 86. Polycythemia Vera. In: Lichtman MA, et al, eds. Williams Hematology, 8e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2010.
Pui C. Chapter 93. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. In: Lichtman MA, et al, eds. Williams Hematology, 8e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2010.
Robinson B, et al. Advances in malignant mesothelioma. NEJM 2005; 353:1591-1603.
Rozman C, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. NEJM 1995; 333:1052-1057.
Rustgia A, et al. Esophageal carcinoma. NEJM 2014; 371: 2499-509.
Schafer A. Thrombocytosis. NEJM 2004; 350: 1211-9.
Schiffer CA. BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for CML. NEJM 2007; 357: 258-265.
Shankland K, et al. Non-Hodgkin Lympoma. Lancet 2012; 380: 848–57.
Spivak JL. Chapter 108. Polycythemia Vera and Other Myeloproliferative Diseases. In: Longo DL, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Stabler S. Vitamin B12 deficiency. NEJM 2013; 368: 149-60.
Stone M, et al. Pathophysiology of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. Haematologica 2010; 95: 359-364.
Tefferi A, et al. Myelodysplastic syndromes. NEJM 2009; 361: 1872-85.
Tefferi A, et al. Myelodysplastic syndromes. NEJM 2009;361:1872-85.
Thadani H, et al. Diagnosis and management of porphyria. BMJ 2000; 320(7250): 1647–1651.
Townsend W, et al. Hodgkins Lymphoma in adults. Lancet 2012; 380: 836–47.
Varahdhachary G, et al. Cancer of unknown primary site. NEJM 2014; 371: 757-65.
Weiss G, et al. Anemia of chronic disease. NEJM 2005; 352: 1011-23.
Yawn B, et al. Diagnosis and management of Von Willebrand disease: Guidelines for primary care. Am Fam Phys 2009; 80(11): 1261-1268.
Young NS. Chapter 107. Aplastic Anemia, Myelodysplasia, and Related Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes. In: Longo DL, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Connors J. Thrombophilia testing and venous thrombosis. NEJM 2017; 377: 1177-87.
Tefferi A. How I work up the patient with thrombocytosis. The ASCO Post 3/15/12 - Accessed 2/28/18
Cervantes F. How I treat myelofibrosis. Blood 2014; 124: 2635-2642.
Fenaux P, et al. How we treat lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood 2013; 121: 4280-4286.
Leung N, et al. How I treat amyloidosis: the importance of accurate diagnosis and amyloid typing. Blood 2012; 120: 3206-3213.
Rowe J, et al. How I treat acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2010; 116: 3147-3156.
Johnson P, et al. How I treat advanced classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2015; 125: 1717-1723.
Schram A, et al. How I treat hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in the adult patient. Blood 2015; 125: 2908-2914.
Valent P, et al. Mastocytosis: 2016 updated WHO classification and novel emerging treatment concepts. Blood 2017;129(11):1420-1427.
Davis A, et al. Leukemia: An overview for primary care. Am Fam Phys 2014; 89(9):731-738.
Jabbour E, et al Chronic myeloid leukemia: 2016 update on diagnosis, therapy, and monitoring. American J of Hematology 2016; 91 (2): 252-65.
Kyle R, et al. Long term follow-up of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. NEJM 2018; 378: 241-9.
Mateos M, et al. Lenalidomide plus dexamethasone for high risk smoldering multiple myeloma. NEJM 2013; 369: 438-47.
Lebeek F, et al. Von Willebrand’s Disease. NEJM 2016; 375: 2067-2080.
Schaefer A. Thrombocytosis. NEJM 2004; 350: 1211-1219.
LaCasce A, et al. A 45 y o man with headache, fever and lymphadneopathy (EBV). NEJM 2017; 377 (7): 677-88.
Yu T, et al. clinical and pathological features of HIV and HHV8 negative Castleman disease; blood 2017; 129: 1658-68.
Hunt B. Bleeding and Coagulopathies in Critical Care. NEJM 2014; 370: 847-859.
Badillo R, et al. Hepatic hydrothorax. Medicine (Baltimore). 2014 May; 93(3): 135-142.
Bintcliffe O, et al. The management of benign non-infective pleural effusions. European Respiratory Review 2016 25: 303-316.
Rajkumar S, et al. Advances in the Diagnosis, Classification, Risk Stratification, and Management of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance: Implications for Recategorizing Disease Entities in the Presence of Evolving Scientific Evidence. Mayo Clin Proc 2010; 85 (10): 945-8.
Fleming R, et al. Iron overload in human disease. NEJM 2012; 366: 348-59.
Powell L, et al. Hemochromatosis. Lancet 2016; 388: 706–716.
Crownover B, et al. Hereditary hemochromatosis. Am Fam Phys2013; 87 (3): 183-90.
Smock K, et al. Thrombocytopenia: An update. Int. Jnl. Lab. Hem. 2014; 36: 269–27.
Medenhall W, et al. Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone and Soft Tissues. Am J Otolaryngol 2003; 24: 395-399.
Kilciksiz S, et al. A Review for Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone and Extramedullary Plasmacytoma. The Scientific World Journal Volume 2012; 6: 895765.
Bennett S, et al. A 64-Year-Old Man with Progressive Leg Weakness, Recurrent Falls, and Anemia (Scurvy). NEJM 2018; 379: 282-289.
Silliman C, et al. Transfusion-related acute lung injury. Blood 2005; 105 (6): 2266-2273.
Roubinian N, et al. Transfusion-Associated circulatory overload (TACO): prevention, management, and patient outcomes. International journal of clinical transfusion medicine 2015; 3: 17-28.
Vedula R, et al. A sticky situation (multiple myeloma). NEJM 2018; 379:e22.
Bissell M, et al. Porphyria. NEJM 2017; 377: 862-72.
Puy H, et al. Porphyrias. Lancet 2010; 375: 924-37.
Langan R, et al. Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Recognition and Management. Am Fam Phys 2017; 96 (6): 384-389.
Delaney M, et al. Transfusion reactions: prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Lancet 2016; 388: 2825-36.
Durée R, et al. Review of osteosarcoma and current management. Rheum Ther 2016; 3: 221-43.
Young S, et al. Led astray (lead toxicity). NEJM 2020; 383 (6): 578-83.
Shinagare A, et al. Adult extragonadal germ cell tumors. AJR 2010; 195: 274-6.
Rajpert-DeMeyts E, et al. Testicular germ cell tumors. Lancet 2016; 387: 1762-4.
Busch J, et al. Male extragonadal germ cell tumors of the adult. Oncology research and treatment 2016; 39: 140-4.
Albany C, et al. Extragonadal germ cell tumors: clinical presentation and management. Current opinion oncology 2013; 25: 261-5.
Horwich H, et al. Testicular germ cell tumours. BMJ 2013; 347: 1-9.
Panch SR, et al. Hemolytic transfusion reactions. NEJM 2019; 381(2): 150-62.
Goldman R, et al. A diagnosis to chew on (lead toxicity). NEJM 2019; 381: 466-73
Cooper N, et al. Idiopathic thrombocytopenia. NEJM 2019; 381 (10): 945-55.
Salzman B, et al. Common breast problems. Am Fam Phys 2019; 99 (8): 505-14.
Gaddey H, et al. Unexplained Lymphadenopathy: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician 2016; 94(11): 896-903.
Pearlman MD, et al. Benign breast disease. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 116(3): 747-54.
Ganz T. Anemia of Inflammation. NEJM 2019; 381: 1148-57
Anemia - BMJ Best Practice topic is based on the web version that was last updated: Mar 19, 2019.
Anemia - BMJ Best Practice topic is based on the web version that was last updated: Mar 19, 2019.
CDC. Breast cancer statistics. May 2019; Accessed 2/4/20.
Brodsky R. Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia. NEJM 2019; 381 (7): 647-654.
Malhotra R, et al. A 72-year-old woman with dark urine and weakness (hemolysis from para-valvular leak). NEJM 2020; 383 (21): 2066-76.
Marinacci L, et al. A Man with Cancer and Acute Hypoxemia (methemoglobinemia). NEJM 2020; 383 (24): 2371-83.
Pichan C, et al. Inadequate support (vitamin c deficiency). NEJM 2021; 385 (10): 938-44.
Willett L, et al. A woman with abdominal pain, with loss and memory impairment (lead toxicity). NEJM 2021; 385 (25): 2378-88.

Obstetrics Gynecology Breast

Barnhart K. Ectopic pregnancy. NEJM 2009; 361: 379-87.
Barton M, Harris R, Fletcher S. Does this patient have breast cancer?: The screening clinical breast examination: Should it be done? How? JAMA 1999; 282: 1270-80.
Basson R. Sexual desire and arousal disorders in women. NEJM 2006; 354:1497-150.
Bastian L, et al. Is this patient perimenopausal? JAMA. 2003; 289(7): 895-902.
Bulun S. Uterine fibroids. NEJM 2013; 369:1344-1355.
Committee on Gyn Practice. Management of acute abnormal uterine bleeding in non-pregnant reproductive-aged women. Committee opinion 557, ACOG, April 2013.
Crochet J, et al. Does This Woman Have an Ectopic Pregnancy? JAMA. 2013; 309(16): 1722-1729.
Eckert L. Acute vulvovaginitis. NEJM 2006; 355: 1244-52.
Ehrmann D. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. NEJM 2005; 352:1223-1236.
Giudice L, Endometriosis. NEJM 2010; 362:2389-239.
Gordon C. Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. NEJM 2010; 363:365-371.
Gulay H, Bora S. Management of nipple discharge. J Am Coll Surg 1994; 178: 471-4.
Hoffman BL, et al. Chapter 33. Endometrial Cancer. In: Williams Gynecology, 2e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Hoffman BL, et al. Chapter 8. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. In: Williams Gynecology, 2e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Hoffman BL, et al. Chapter 9. Pelvic Mass. In: Williams Gynecology, 2e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012.
Klein D, et al. Amenorrhea: an approach to diagnosis and management. Am Fam Phys 2013; 87 (11): 781-8.
Klein S. Evaluation of palpable breast masses. Am Fam Phys 2005; 71: 1731-8.
Kliblanski A. Prolactinomas. NEJM 2010;362: 1219-26.
McCartney C, et al. Polycystic ovarian syndrome. NEJM 2016; 375:54-64.
Nelson L. Primary ovarian insufficiency. NEJM 2009; 360:606-614.
Niebyl J. Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. NEJM 2010; 363:1544-1550.
Surette A, et al, eds. CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Obstetrics & Gynecology, 11e. Chapter 13. Early Pregnancy Risks. NY, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2013.
Sweet M, et al. Evaluation and management of abnormal uterine bleeding in premenopausal women. Am Fam Phys 2012; 85 (1): 35-43.
Poggi SH. Chapter 21. Postpartum Hemorrhage & the Abnormal Puerperium: Endometritis. In: DeCherney AH, et al eds. CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Obstetrics & Gynecology, 11e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2013.
Van Voorhis B. In Vitro Fertilization. NEJM 2007; 356:379-386.
Wilson J. Vaginitis and cervicitis. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(5):ITC3-1.
Winchester D. Physical examination of the breast. Cancer 1992; 69: 1947-9.
Woo J, et al. Gynecologic Disorders: Endometritis. In: Papadakis MA, et al eds. Current Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2016. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2016.
Huang W, Molitch ME. Evaluation and management of galactorrhea. Am Fam Physician. 2012; 85(11): 1073-80.
Hopkins M, et al. BMJ Best Practices: Ovarian Torsion - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-us/792. Accessed 7/2018.
Biggs W, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Adnexal Masses. Am Fam Phys 2016; 93(8): 676-681.
Al-Safi Z, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and menopausal symptoms. Fertil Steril 2014; 101: 905–15.
Marnach M, et al. Evaluation and management of abnormal uterine bleeding. Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94(2): 326-35.

Endocrine

Bhasin S, et al. Testosterone Therapy in Men with Androgen Deficiency Syndromes: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline; J Clin Endo Metab 2010; 95: 2536–2559.
Brent G. Graves’ disease. NEJM 2008; 358: 2594-605.
Carroll M, et al. A practical approach to hypercalcemia. Am Fam Phys 2003; 67 (9): 1959-66.
Ebeling P. Osteoporosis in Men. NEJM 2008; 358: 1474-1482.
Franklyn J, et al. Thyrotoxicosis. Lancet 2012; 379: 1155–66.
Kibanski A. Prolactinomas. NEJM 2010; 362:1219-1226.
Lewiecki M. Osteoporosis. In the Clinic Ann Int Med 2011; ITC1-2.
Loriauz D. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. NEJM 2017; 376: 1451-9.
Marcocci C, et al. Primary hyperparathyroidism. NEJM 2011; 365: 2389-97.
McDermott M. Hyperthyroidism. In the Clinic Ann Int Med 2012; ITC1-2.
McDermott M. Hypothyroidism. In the Clinic Ann Int Med 2009; ITC6-2.
Rosen C. Postmenopausal osteoporosis. NEJM 2005;353:595-603.
Shoback D. Hypoparathyroidism. NEJM 2008; 359:391-403.
Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes care 2015; 38 (sup 1): 1-94.
Stewart A. Hypercalcemia associated with cancer. NEJM 2005; 352: 373-9.
Carnegie C, Diagnosis of Hypogonadism: Clinical Assessments and Laboratory Tests Reviews in Urol. 2004; 6 (Suppl 6): S3–S8.
Kaltsas G, et al. Fatigue, endocrinopathies, and metabolic disorders. PM&R 2010. 2(5): 393-8.
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes – 2017. Diabetes Care 2017; 40 Supplement 1: S11-24.
Byrne T, et al. A 53-Year-Old Man with Diplopia, Polydipsia, and Polyuria (Diabetes Insipidus). NEJM 2016; 375:1469-1480.
Dhatariya K, et al. Treatment of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)/Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS): Novel Advances in the Management of Hyperglycemic Crises (UK Versus USA). Curr Diab Rep 2017; 17(5): 33-40.

Infectious Disease

Abdalla M, et al. On the nose (Blastomyces Dermatidis). NEJM2015; 373: 955-61.
AIDs Info/NIH Clinical treatment guidelines.
Berliner N, et al. An 18-year-old man with fever, abdominal pain and thrombocytopenia (HLH); NEJM 2016; 374; 165-73.
Bern C. Chagas' disease. NEJM 2015; 373: 456-66.
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Mental Health

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Brent J. Fomepizole for ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning. NEJM 2009; 360:2216-2223.
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Skin Hair

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Bershad S. Atopic dermatitis. Ann Intern Med. 2011; 155(9):ITC5-1.
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DeBerker D. Fungal nail disease. NEJM 2009; 360: 2108-16.
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Firnhaber J. Diagnosis and treatment of basal cell and squamous cell skin carcinoma. Am Fam Phys. 2012; 86(2):161-168.
Flynn T, et al. A 37-Year-Old Man with a Lesion on the Tongue (e multiforme). NEJM 2010; 362:740-748.
Goddard J, et al. Bed Bugs (Cimex lectularius) and Clinical Consequences of Their Bites. JAMA 2009; 301(13): 1358-1366.
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Jennette J et al. Small vessel vasculitis. NEJM 1997; 337:1512-1523.
Markova A, et al. Common cutaneous parasites. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(5):ITC1.
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